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History/Origins/Future
of Energy, (updated August 16, 2009) Infinity (past) .... The totality of
naturalism (all that is / Infinite Universes,
Infinite Size,  http://prohuman.net/science/universes.htm "...There May Be Other Worlds Out There, Extra Dimensions, A Sea of Parallel Universes ... Level One Parallel Universes (part of our space but so far away we can't see it -- universe infinite in size, possibility of infinity of universes)" "... Level Two Parallel Universes (infinite soap bubble universes in a sea of bubble universes in the 'bulk' or 'hyperspace', level one parallel universes exist within level two parallel universes, chaotic eternally branching universes -- bubble nucleation), Parallel Universes Hold the Secrets of All That Is, Pre-Big Bang Physics" "... Level Three Parallel Universes (infinite number of universes exist in the same space as we exist in, in different dimensions)" "... Level Four Parallel Universes (physics could differ from universe to universe), Physicists Hoping to Prove That Parallel Universes are Really Out There" "... At Least Some Kinds of Parallel Universe Almost Certainly Exist" "... There Could Be an Infinite Number of Universes Each With a Different Law of Physics -- Our Universe Could be Just One Bubble Floating in an Ocean of Other Bubbles" "... The Universe may be Nothing Special -- It is Nothing More than One of an Infinite Number of Membranes -- Just One of the Many Universes which Make Up the Multiverse ..." Inspirational Science (Tribute to Carl Sagan) http://prohuman.net/science/inspirational_science_carl_sagan.htm "... An infinity of the very small (when considering cutting an atom in half, and cutting that in half, etc.) and an infinity of the very large (when considering the cosmos and going beyond the edge of all that is known), these infinities are among the most awesome of human ideas, an unending progression which goes on forever. ..." "... How did the universe arise? What was around before that? Might there have been no beginning? Is the universe infinitely old? ... Hinduism and its notions of creation and nature are explored. Among its ideas, some of which resemble modern ideas of science & cosmology:
FREELOVER Principles http://prohuman.net/freelover.htm "...Some viewpoints on what life is all about ... And in the infinity of that which has always been and will always be (Nature 1:0) there was, is, and will always be the natural (Nature 1:1) ... yes, an expansion of time and space did take place in a finite part of an infinite cosmos ... (Nature 1:5) ..." What did the 'big bang' bang into? http://prohuman.net/science/big_bang_banged_into_what.htm "... The standard presumption is that there was nothing, a bang, and then everything. More recently, scientists have theorized about a before the big bang realm, and of many dimensions possibly existing beyond the -4- we're familiar with. Multiple universes, also part of the possible realm of the 'all'. Cyclic universes, also part of the possible realm of the all. Infinite universes, infinite time, also part of the possible realm of the all. ..." Universe(s) Origin(s) Preface Infinities / Singularities http://prohuman.net/universes_origins_1_of_7.htm Universe(s) Origin(s) 2 of 7 - No Origin of the Universe? http://prohuman.net/universes_origins_2_of_7.htm "... viewed through the eyes of a quantum physicist, the spon- taneous appearance of a universe is not such a surprise, because physical objects are appearing all the time -- with- out well-defined causes -- in the quantum microworld ..." Universe(s) Origin(s) 3 of 7 - Multiverse? http://prohuman.net/universes_origins_3_of_7.htm ... Our entire universe may be just one element -- one atom, as it were -- in an infinite ensemble: a cosmic archipelago. Each universe starts with its own big bang, acquires a dis- tinctive imprint (and its individual physical laws) as it cools, and traces out its own cosmic cycle. The big bang that trig- gered our entire universe is, in this grander perspective, an infinitesimal part of an elaborate structure that extends far beyond the range of any telescopes. ... Universe(s) Origin(s) 4 of 7 - Universes from Black Holes? http://prohuman.net/universes_origins_4_of_7.htm "... is it possible that what is beyond the horizon of the black hole is the beginning of another universe?... time branches like a tree so that each black hole is a bud that leads to a new universe of moments. ..." Universe(s) Origin(s) 5 of 7 - Cyclic Universe? http://prohuman.net/universes_origins_5_of_7.htm "... our universe just one phase in an infinite cycle of birth and rebirth ..." Universe(s) Origin(s) 6 of 7 - Einstein / Big Bang / Superstrings http://prohuman.net/universes_origins_6_of_7.htm Universe(s) Origin(s) 7 of 7 - Nothing / Everything http://prohuman.net/universes_origins_7_of_7.htm "... the nature of being in this grand cosmos of wonder and mystery whereby nothing is the most important something that resides at the core of everything that has existed, does exist, and will ever exist ..." ~13.7
billion years ago .... WMAP data enables us to
determine the age of A trip through the Big
Bang: Cosmologists
Aim to Observe First Moments of Universe
~13,699,700,000
... WMAP picture of the
universe about 300,000
~13.6
billion ... The first adult stars
were bright, short-lived behe- ~13 billion .... Earliest occurrence of
Gamma Ray Burst (due to "cataclysmic ~12.8 billion
.... ~11 billion .... Faraway supernovae
shatter distance record ~4.54 billion
.... Solar system to scale,
based on size not distance: Position of our solar
system in the Milky Way galaxy: Reference to geologic
time periods referred to Reference to
comprehensive Earth history, as of http://www.msnbc.com/news/wld/graphics/earths_timeline_dw.htm Milestones in the History of Life & Evolutionary Science http://www.sciencenews.org/pictures/darwin/timeline/darwin.html ~4.5 billion .... Earth smash spawned Moon http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/298157.stm "... The Earth and Moon
were
once one. The Moon http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/1593504.stm "... Analysis of lunar samples returned by the Apollo astronauts confirms previous indications that the ratios of the different types, or isotopes, of oxygen in the Moon's soil are similar to those of Earth. It is a finding that is consistent with the giant impact model for the Moon's formation. ..." For a brief recap of this event, see the beginning of part 1 of Walking With Monsters: http://www.youtube.com/v/BtB3u2jQRU4 ~4.5 billion to 542 million .... Precambrian 4.5 Billion to 542 Million Years Ago http://science.nationalgeographic.com/science/prehistoric-world/precambrian.html "Precambrian time covers the vast bulk of the Earth's history, starting with the planet's creation about 4.5 billion years ago and ending with the emergence of complex, multicelled life-forms almost four billion years later. The Precambrian is the earliest of the geologic ages, which are marked by different layers of sedimentary rock. Laid down over millions of years, these rock layers contain a permanent record of the Earth's past, including the fossilized remains of plants and animals buried when the sediments were formed. ..." ~4.4 to 3.9 billion .... Asteroids may have enhanced early life? http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/05/090520140403.htm "... These new results push back the possible beginnings of life on Earth to well before the bombardment period 3.9 billion years ago ... It opens up the possibility that life emerged as far back as 4.4 billion years ago, about the time the first oceans are thought to have formed. ... hydrothermal vents may have provided sanctuaries for extreme, heat-loving microbes known as 'hyperther- mophilic bacteria' following bombardments ... Even if life had not emerged by 3.9 billion years ago, such underground havens could still have provided a 'cruci- ble' for life's origin on Earth ... Exactly when life origin- ated on Earth is a hotly debated topic ... The discovery challenges our fundamental understanding of processes active in the early history of the Earth. It suggests that life may well have appeared on Earth long before the period of heavy-meteorite bombardment believed by some to have initiated the emergence of life on Earth ..." Simple Life Form http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/07/080707134402.htm "... 4.2-billion-year-old diamonds ... are the oldest-known samples of Earth’s carbon ... discovery of very high con- centrations of carbon 12, or 'light carbon' within these crystals is remarkable as it is a feature usually associated with organic life. ... We interpret the range of light carbon values observed in these inclusions as a unique chemical marker that opens up the possibility of biological activity during the period not long after the Earth’s formation ..." Oldest Known Rocks On Earth Discovered: 4.28 Billion Years Old http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/09/080925144624.htm "...The Earth is 4.6 billion years old, and remnants of its early crust are extremely rare—most of it has been mashed and recycled into Earth's interior several times over by plate tectonics since the Earth formed. ... Geol- ogists now have a new playground to explore how and when life began, what the atmosphere may have looked like, and when the first continent formed. ..." ~3.85 billion .... Comet Swarm Delivered Earth's Oceans? http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2009/08/090805-earth-oceans-comets-life.html "... A barrage of comets may have delivered Earth's oceans around 3.85 billion years ago ... Scientists have long sus- pected that Earth and its near neighbors were walloped by tens of thousands of impactors during an ancient event known as the Late Heavy Bombardment. ... by the time of the Late Heavy Bombardment, things had cooled down, allowing meltwater from the flurry of comets to become the world's first seas. ... Greenland rocks contained about 150 parts per trillion of iridium, supporting the idea that comets were the main players in the Late Heavy Bombardment. All that ice from the comet swarm then thawed to create a global ocean more than half a mile (about a kilometer) deep ... it's possible that comets seeded Earth not only with water but with life. According to some controversial studies, the oldest evidence for life on Earth dates back to about 3.85 billion years ago, around the time of the Late Heavy Bombardment ..." ~3.8
to ~3.5 billion .... Oldest evidence of
photosynthesis ... "The biochemistry
needed for oxygenic photosyn- Adobe file with sizable
graphic displaying all life on
Time Tree Resources http://www.timetree.org/resources.php Evolutionary history of life http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolutionary_history_of_life
Details on current life (300 species) which resides near hydrothermal vents: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/abyss/life/extremes.html Map of currently known
hydrothermal vent locations: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/03/090317153047.htm Origin
of Life On Earth: Scientists Unlock Mystery Synthetic
Biology Yields Clues to Evolution How
Did Life Begin? RNA That Replicates From the Stars, Scientists Confirm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/06/080613092514.htm Meteorites Delivered the 'Seeds' of Earth's Left-hand Life, Experts Argue http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/04/080406114742.htm Life's Building Blocks From Space? Meteorites a Rich Source for Primordial Soup http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/03/080313095623.htm Key to Life Before Its Origin On Earth May Have Been Discovered http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/02/080228174823.htm New Insights Into the Origin of Life On Earth http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2006/12/061211115422.htm NASA Identifies Carbon-rich Molecules in Meteors as the 'Origin of Life' http://prohuman.net/science/nasa_origin_of_life.htm "... These molecules, called quinones, are poten- tially significant for the "origin of life" or the habit- ability of planets. ..." Comet probes reveal evidence of origin of life, scientists claim http://prohuman.net/science/comet_probes_evidence_origin_of_life.htm "Recent probes inside comets show it is over- whelmingly likely that life began in space, according to a new paper by Cardiff Univer- sity scientists. ..." Discovery Implies Life Could Be Everywhere In the Universe http://prohuman.net/science/life_everywhere.htm "... Scientists have managed to create 'primitive cells' in an experiment which may indicate that life began in space and was delivered to Earth. ..." The Ingredients : The Recipe for Life http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/space/life/beginnings/index.shtml Stage 2: combining these ingredients to make life http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/space/life/beginnings/recipe.shtml Life's origins among the stars http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/sci/tech/1897186.stm Study Offers Insights Into Evolutionary Origins of Life http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2001/05/010518083259.htm Scientists Probing the Origins of Life Develop Method of Making Novel Proteins Using a 21st Amino Acid http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2001/04/010402073308.htm Clues to origins of life http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/sci/tech/894481.stm Life 'began on the ocean floor' http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/2541393.stm Calculations Show Life's Origins Possible In Volcanic Gases http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2000/03/000328085015.htm NASA Scientists Find Clues That Life Began In Deep Space http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2001/01/010131074526.htm New Theory on The Mystery of the Origin of Life Proposed by Weizmann Institute Scientists http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2000/06/000608072529.htm Yale Scientists Recreate Molecular "Fossils," Now Extinct, That May Have Existed At the Beginning of Life http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/1998/06/980610082901.htm Kick-start for life on earth http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/282201.stm Origins of Life (this video made in 2001, opens with a date of 15 billion years ago for the Big Bang -- since this video was made, WMAP has recently discovered that the actual age of the expansion of the space-time continuum we exist in is 13.7 billion years)
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