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Universe(s) History Channel, 2008 There May Be Other Worlds Out There, Extra Dimensions, A Sea of Parallel Universes, There May Be Essentially Exact Replicas of Us, There May Be -4- Types of Parallel Universes Out There, Satellite Data Indicates There Could Be Parallel Universes, String Theories, Level One Parallel Universes (part of our space but so far away we can't see it -- universe infinite in size, possibility of infinity of universes)
3of5 -- The Universe - Parallel Universes History Channel, 2008 Relativity Theory & Quantum Theory Are at War With One Another (bringing those together would give you a theory of everything), String Theory Has Evolved Into What is Called M (or Membrane) Theory (think of the universe existing in 11 dimen- sions -- we all live on a giant & energetic membrane), According to the Latest M Theory in the First Tril- lionth of a Trillionth of a Second -- Membranes (in a Pre-Universe Cosmos) Smashed Together & Pro- duced the Big Bang (it can happen again & again & again), Level Three Parallel Universes (infinite num- ber of universes exist in the same space as we exist in, in different dimensions) 4of5 -- The Universe - Parallel Universes History Channel, 2008 Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle (particles can & must be in multiple places at once), A Tiny Quan- tum Difference in Thought Can Change the Whole World, Anything That Can Happen Has Happened or Will Happen in Some Other Universe in Some Other Dimension of Space & Time, Level Four Parallel Universes (physics could differ from uni- verse to universe), Physicists Hoping to Prove That Parallel Universes are Really Out There 5of5 -- The Universe - Parallel Universes History Channel, 2008 Faced With Extinction in a Far-Flung Future Can Humankind Open a Portal to a Parallel Universe?, Wormhole (possibility of travelling to a different part of the universe, or perhaps to another universe), Universe Resurrection, At Least Some Kinds of Parallel Universe Almost Certainly Exist - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Parallel Universes - Part 1 (of 5) BBC Documentary, 2001 Imagine You Could Find an Explanation For Every- thing in the Universe, There Could Be an Infinite Number of Universes Each With a Different Law of Physics -- Our Universe Could be Just One Bubble Floating in an Ocean of Other Bubbles, Einstein Never Achieved a Theory of Everything, We Now Think that Matter is Made Up of Strings (String Theory)
Parallel Universes - Part 3 (of 5) BBC Documentary, 2001 All Matter Connected to One Vast Structure (a membrane, in effect our universe is a membrane), Membrane Theory (or 'M' Theory), Weakness of Gravity Explained, From Every Corner of the 11th Dimension Parallel Universes Came Crawling Out of the Woodwork Parallel Universes - Part 4 (of 5) BBC Documentary, 2001 Different Shapes of Membranes (each of which is a possible parallel universe), 'M' Theory had Unwittingly Made the Idea of Parallel Universes Respectable Again, What Caused 'The Singularity'? -- What Caused the Big Bang? -- 3 Physicists (Burt Ovrut, Neil Turok, Paul Steinhardt) on a Train (try- ing to figure it all out, refer to following links for details) http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/horizon/2001/paralleluni.shtml http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/horizon/2001/parallelunitrans.shtml Parallel Universes - Part 5 (of 5) BBC Documentary, 2001 The Big Bang is the Aftermath of an Encounter Between Two Parallel Worlds, As Branes (Mem- branes) Move They Ripple (ripples caused clumps of matter after the Big Bang), They Could Take the Laws of Physics Back in Time to the Moment of the Big Bang & Through to the Other Side, 'The Singularity' Disappeared, 'M' Theory may be Able to Explain Everything in the Universe, The Universe may be Nothing Special -- It is Nothing More than One of an Infinite Number of Membranes -- Just One of the Many Universes which Make Up the Multiverse - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Observable universe http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observable_universe Excerpts: In Big Bang cosmology, the observable universe consists of the galaxies and other matter that we can in principle observe from Earth in the present day, because light (or other signals) from those objects has had time to reach us since the begin- ning of the cosmological expansion. ... The age of the universe is about 13.7 billion years, but due to the expansion of space we are now observing objects that are now considerably far- ther away than a static 13.7 billion light-years dis- tance. ... The visible universe is ... a sphere with a diameter of about ... 93 billion light-years. ... Estimates of the matter content of the observable universe indicate that it contains on the order of 10 to the 80th atoms. The vast majority of the energy density is contributed by dark matter and dark energy. ... The observable universe contains about 3 to 7 × 1022 stars (30 to 70 sextillion stars), organized in more than 80 billion galaxies, which themselves form clusters and superclusters. "the Hubble telescope is capable of detect- ing about 80 billion galaxies. In fact, there must be many more than this, even within the observable Universe, since the most common kind of galaxy in our own neigh- borhood is the faint dwarfs which are diffi- cult enough to see nearby, much less at large cosmological distances." WMAP Content of the Universe http://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/universe/uni_matter.html - - - Universe http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universe Excerpts: The universe is defined as everything that physically exists: the entirety of space and time, all forms of matter, energy and momentum, and the physical laws and constants that govern them. However, the term universe may be used in slightly different contextual senses, denoting such concepts as the cosmos, the world or Nature. Current interpretations of astronomical observations indicate that the age of the universe is (13.73 + or - 0.12) billion years, and that the diameter of the observable universe is at least 93 billion light years. According to the prevailing scientific model of the universe, known as the Big Bang, the universe expanded from a gravi- tational singularity, a point in space- time at which all the matter and energy of the observable universe was concen- trated. Since the singularity, the uni- verse has been expanding to its present form, possibly with a "brief period" of cosmic inflation. Several independent experimental measure- ments support this theoretical expansion and, more generally, the Big Bang theory. Recent observations indicate that this expansion is accelerating because of the low density of the universe, and that most of the matter and energy in the uni- verse is fundamentally different from that observed on Earth and not directly observ- able. ... Experiments and observations suggest that the universe has been governed by the same physical laws and constants throughout its extent and history. The dominant force at cosmological distances is gravity, and general relativity is currently the most accurate theory of gravitation. The remaining three fundamental forces and all the known particles on which they act are described by the Standard Model. The universe has at least three dimensions of space and one of time, although extremely small additional dimensions cannot be ruled out experimentally. Spacetime appears to be smooth and simply connected, and space has very small mean curvature, so that Euclidean geometry is accurate on the average through- out the universe. Conversely, on a quantum scale spacetime is highly turbulent. The word universe is usually defined as en- compassing everything. However, using an alternate definition, some have speculated that this "universe" is just one of many dis- connected "universes", which are collectively denoted as the multiverse. For example, in bubble universe theory, there are an infinite variety of "universes", each with different physical constants. Similarly, in the many-worlds hypothesis, new "universes" are spawned with every quantum measurement. These universes are usually thought to be com- pletely disconnected from our own and there- fore impossible to detect experimentally. ... - - - end excerpt - - - Update -- Science's Breakthrough of the Year: Illumination Of The Dark, Expanding Universe http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2003/12/031219073445.htm Excerpts: ScienceDaily (Dec. 19, 2003) - In 2003, new evidence cemented the bizarre idea that the universe is made mostly of mysterious "dark matter," being stretched apart by an unknown force called "dark energy." This set of dis- coveries claims top honors as the Breakthrough of the Year ... This year, information from the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) satellite and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) tele- scopes confirmed some of cosmologists' strang- est proposals about the fate of the universe. "The implications of these discoveries about the universe are truly stunning. Cosmologists have been trying for years to confirm the hypothesis of a dark universe. Science is glad to recognize their success in this effort as the Breakthrough of the Year for 2003," said Don Kennedy, Editor-in-Chief of Science. Those proposals entered the spotlight five years earlier, when Science's 1998 Break- through of the Year honored the discovery that the universe was expanding. Such an expansion would likely be driven by a "dark energy" that counters the effects of gravity. At the time, however, many cosmologists were wary of this strange idea. Their doubts were dispelled in 2003. WMAP took the most detailed picture ever of the cosmic microwave background -- the light emitted by the universe during the first instant of its existence. By analyzing pat- terns in this light, researchers concluded that the universe is only 4 percent ordinary matter. Twenty-three percent is dark matter, which astrophysicists believe is made up of a currently unknown particle. The remainder, 73 percent, is dark energy. WMAP also nailed down other basic properties of the universe, including its age (13.7 billion years old), expansion rate and den- sity. ... WMAP http://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/news/ WMAP Content of the Universe http://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/media/080998/080998_Universe_ContentM.jpg Excerpt: WMAP data reveals that its contents include 4.6% atoms, the building blocks of stars and planets. Dark matter comprises 23% of the universe. This matter, different from atoms, does not emit or absorb light. It has only been detected indirectly by its gravity. 72% of the universe, is composed of "dark energy", that acts as a sort of an anti-gravity. This energy, distinct from dark matter, is responsible for the present-day acceleration of the universal expansion. WMAP data is accurate to two digits, so the total of these numbers is not 100%. This re- flects the current limits of WMAP's ability to define Dark Matter and Dark Energy. - - - end excerpt - - - - - - Multiverse http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiverse Excerpt: The multiverse (or meta-universe (metaverse)) is the hypothetical set of multiple possible uni- verses (including our universe) that together comprise all of reality. The different universes within the multiverse are sometimes called parallel universes. The structure of the multi- verse, the nature of each universe within it and the relationship between the various constituent universes, depend on the specific multiverse hypothesis considered. ... - - - end excerpt - - - - - - Parallel Universes Not just a staple of science fiction, other universes are a direct implication of cosmological observations by Max Tegmark http://www.mukto-mona.com/science/physics/ParalellUniverse2003.pdf Excerpts: ... Level I: Beyond Our Cosmic Horizon ... LEVEL I MULTIVERSE THE SIMPLEST TYPE of parallel universe is simply a region of space that is too far away for us to have seen yet. The farthest that we can observe is currently about 4 × 1026 meters, or 42 billion lightyears—the distance that light has been able to travel since the big bang began. (The distance is greater than 14 billion light- years because cosmic expansion has lengthened distances.) Each of the Level I parallel universes is basically the same as ours. All the differences stem from variations in the initial arrangement of matter. ... Level II: Other Postinflation Bubbles ... LEVEL II MULTIVERSE A SOMEWHAT MORE ELABORATE type of parallel universe emerges from the theory of cosmological inflation. The idea is that our Level I multiverse—namely, our universe and contiguous regions of space—is a bubble embedded in an even vaster but mostly empty volume. Other bubbles exist out there, disconnected from ours. They nucleate like raindrops in a cloud. During nucleation, variations in quantum fields endow each bubble with properties that distin- guish it from other bubbles. ... Level III: Quantum Many Worlds ... LEVEL III MULTIVERSE QUANTUM MECHANICS PREDICTS a vast number of parallel universes by broadening the concept of “elsewhere.” These universes are located elsewhere, not in ordinary space but in an abstract realm of all possible states. Every conceivable way that the world could be (within the scope of quantum mechanics) corre- sponds to a different universe. The parallel uni- verses make their presence felt in laboratory ex- periments, such as wave interference and quan- tum computation. ... Level IV: Other Mathematical Structures ... LEVEL IV MULTIVERSE THE ULTIMATE TYPE of parallel universe opens up the full realm of possibility. Universes can differ not just in location, cosmological properties or quantum state but also in the laws of physics. Existing outside of space and time, they are almost impossible to visualize; the best one can do is to think of them abstractly, as static sculptures that represent the mathematical structure of the physical laws that govern them. For example, consider a simple universe: Earth, moon and sun, obeying Newton’s laws. To an objective observer, this universe looks like a circular ring (Earth’s orbit smeared out in time) wrapped in a braid (the moon’s orbit around Earth). Other shapes embody other laws of physics ... This paradigm solves various prob- lems concerning the foundations of physics. ... A common feature of all four multiverse levels is that the simplest and arguably most elegant theory involves parallel universes by default. ... Perhaps we will gradually get used to the weird ways of our cosmos and find its strangeness to be part of its charm. - - - end excerpts - - - - - - Helpful references: Richard Dawkins -- Growing Up in the Universe  (041709) http://prohuman.net/science/growing_up_in_the_universe.htm "Growing Up to a Proper Scientific Understanding of the Universe Based Upon Evidence-Public Argument rather than Authority or Tradition or Private Revelation / Trying to Understand How the Universe Works - Not Copping Out With Supernatural Ideas that only Seem to Explain Things -but- Actually Explain Nothing" Large Hadron Collider (041409) http://prohuman.net/science/large_hadron_collider.htm "... Are there undiscovered principles of nature? What is the origin of mass? Do extra dimensions exist? What is dark matter? How can we solve the mystery of dark energy? And how did the universe come to be? ..." Known Universe (021509) http://prohuman.net/science/known_universe.htm "... examining the fabric of space and time ... the vastness of the universe is discussed ... deconstructing the biggest explosions in the universe, including asteroid impacts, super- novas, and the big bang ... Galaxy has billions of planets that support life forms, says leading astronomer ..." Life Elsewhere in a 'Crowded' Universe? (061808) http://prohuman.net/science/life_elsewhere_crowded_universe.htm "... as for stars with planets, the term 'crowded' is used in the following to describe the latest discoveries of planets which a couple of scientists view as increasing the likelihood that life and planets are likely widespread in the particular universe we happen to inhabit an itsy-bitsy tiny part of, relatively speaking ..." All That Is, All That Was, All That Ever Will Be? (050208) http://prohuman.net/science/all_that_is_was_ever_will_be.htm "... Immortality? ... Immortal Suffering? ... Oblivion? ... Pleasant Immortality Hope? ... Totality of Reality? ... Cosmological Calendar ... The Universe - Cosmic Apocalypse ..." What did the 'big bang' bang into? (071107) http://prohuman.net/science/big_bang_banged_into_what.htm "... The standard presumption is that there was nothing, a bang, and then everything. More re- cently, scientists have theorized about a before the big bang realm, and of many dimensions pos- sibly existing beyond the -4- we're familiar with. Multiple universes, also part of the possible realm of the 'all'. Cyclic universes, also part of the pos- sible realm of the all. Infinite universes, infinite time, also part of the possible realm of the all. As for what the totality of 'all' that is natural is, exactly, actualized human knowledge is profoundly sparse, thus far, even though theories abound. ..." NASA Turns to the Dark Side (070407) http://prohuman.net/science/nasa_dark_side.htm "... NASA has announced five new space missions to track mysteries that go "beyond Einstein" - where the universe came from, - what it's made of, and - whether space has edges. ..." Infinite Universes, Infinite Size, No "In the Beginning", No End (013107) http://prohuman.net/science/infinite_universes_infinite_size.htm "Put another way, think of the all as always existing, a circle of infinite size, with no beginning, no ending, simply always there. Any piece of that circle, simply part of infinity, part of the all, and the all? Always existent, always spawning universes, always expanding. ..." Evolution, not ID (122305) http://prohuman.net/science/evolution_not_ID.htm "... The ruling gives two arguments for why intelligent design is not science but is, in the judge's words, 'an old religious argu- ment for the existence of God.' The first is that intelligent design invokes 'a super- natural designer,' while science, by defin- ition, deals only with natural phenomena. Second, the court found that intelligent design suffers from blatant flaws in logic, one of the chief tools of science. ..." Cosmos
(110905) A
decision between Goddunce -and- (8 sextillion)? (011805) http://prohuman.net/science/1_of_over_8_sextillion.htm "... we're aware that there are over 80 billion gal- axies in the particular space-time continuum we inhabit, with perhaps over 100 billion solar systems in each of those galaxies, for a total of over .... ... ~8,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 (8 sextillion) solar systems in our particular universe ..." The Vast-beyond-Vast Size of the Universe (072603) http://prohuman.net/science/size_of_universe.htm "A perspective on the size of the universe... If the entire solar system were reduced to the size of a grain of sand, our Milky Way galaxy would be *21 kilometers* across and our nearest big galaxy, Andromeda, would be *483 kilometers* away. The size of the observable universe, on this scale, would be *over 4 million kilometers*. ..." Universe(s)
Origin(s) 7 of 7 - Nothing / Universe(s)
Origin(s) 6 of 7 - Einstein / Universe(s)
Origin(s) 5 of 7 - Cyclic Universe? Universe(s)
Origin(s) 4 of 7 - Universes Universe(s)
Origin(s) 3 of 7 - Multiverse? Universe(s)
Origin(s) 2 of 7 - No Origin Universe(s)
Origin(s) 1 of 7 - String Universe(s)
Origin(s) Preface Pro-Humaist FREELOVER Daily 010802 to 011502 First Stars Formed Much Earlier Than Previously Thought http://prohuman.net/2002/01/08_to_15.htm "... article describing the latest theories regarding when and how stars first developed in the early universe ..." Intelligent Designer / 'Irreducible Complexity' / God / 'First Cause' (041001) http://prohuman.net/science/intelligent_designer.htm "The evidence is clear that Intelligent Designer and so-called 'irreducible complexity' are little more than code-words for God and that, in fact, within the area of remaining unknowns regarding the origins of the universe and life, science is humankind's only legitimate hope as the myths from the caves of human ignorance just don't cut it anymore. ..." Everything From Everlasting Not-Quite Nothing ... (040401) http://prohuman.net/science/everything_nothing.htm "... well, not really from not-quite nothing, more like from a world that's theoretically everywhere and every'when' while at the same time nowhere in our substantive experience, a world that has always been and will always be, the sub-atomic quantum world ..." Discovery Implies Life Could Be Everywhere In the Universe (013001) http://prohuman.net/science/life_everywhere.htm "... Scientists have managed to create 'primitive cells' in an experiment which may indicate that life began in space and was delivered to Earth. ..." - - - |
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